James Watson was an outstanding figure in science, having carried out crucial work in the discovery of the structure of DNA, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. His essential discoveries in the field of biology were decisive in shaping the course of Science as we know it today.

Historically, scientists studying the brain, like neuroscientists and psychologists, worked separately from those studying the body, such as endocrinologists and physiologists. Research on how the nervous system interacts with the body has been growing, but “it kind of stops there, rarely making it past the neck to reach the brain again”, as Carlos Ribeiro puts it. Neuroscientists, meanwhile, often focus on higher brain functions without considering how body signals might influence them.