In this video, Oriol Parés, Radiation Oncologist at the Champalimaud Foundation's Radiation Oncology Service, presents the advantages of the Watch and Wait (W&W) protocol in trying to avoid rectal surgery in low rectal cancer patients, sparing them from the decline of defecatory, urinary and sexual functions that can result from radiochemotherapy followed by surgery.

In patients with low rectal cancer, it may be necessary to completely remove the rectum. This implies permanently redirecting the colon towards an incision made in the abdomen, called a stoma. The patient is then fitted for life with a “bag” to collect stools directly through that artificial orifice.

In this video, nurse Tatiana Quaresma, of the stomatherapy team at the Digestive Unit, explains how the team’s intervention, before and after such a type of rectal surgery, is important in dealing with the physical and psychological impact of the procedure. 

Surgery continues to be central in colorectal cancer treatment.

In this short video, surgeon Pedro Vieira describes the state-of-art practice of colorectal surgery at the Champalimaud Foundation, with a particular emphasis on robotic surgery, the gold standard in rectal surgery, and minimally invasive surgery, which Digestive Unit surgeons favour whenever possible.

There are different ways to classify cancers: for instance, by the organ (or tissue) in which they originate, and by the type of cells they involve. Cancers can be solid (tumour-forming) or liquid (blood cancers).

Using the first method yields more than 200 different types of cancer. In alphabetical order, the most common are: bladder cancer, breast cancer, colon and rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, kidney cancer, leukemia (blood cancer), liver cancer, lung cancer melanoma (skin cancer), non-Hodgkin lymphoma, pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, and thyroid cancer.

The past 10 years have witnessed a doubling of colorectal cancers (CRC) in people under 50 years of age – from 5% to 10% of all cases. Just in the US, between 2008 and 2015, this increase was over 60%!

When we hear about someone having been diagnosed with “stage IV” cancer, most of us know this is very bad news. It is the most advanced overall cancer stage.

Classifying – or staging – a cancer is paramount to determining the cancer’s prognosis (its likely evolution) and to choose the most appropriate treatment. A misclassified cancer can lead to wrong treatment options, including undertreatment or overtreatment.

Scientists and doctors at the Champalimaud Foundation, in Lisbon, have joined efforts to reduce the toxicity of so-called “neoadjuvant chemoradiation” – the combination of chemotherapy plus radiotherapy – for the treatment of rectal cancer. If further confirmed, their results, published a few months ago in the journal Frontiers in Oncology, could in the not-so-distant future help many patients with rectal cancer, especially the more elderly and frail ones.